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India Demographics

Population of India (2026)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of India

India Population
1,476,625,576
see live
Yearly Change
+0.87%
Global Share
17.79%
Global Rank
1

Median Age

The median age in India is 29.2 years (2026).

Fertility in India

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.9
(Live Births per Woman, 2026)

Life Expectancy in India

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
72.7
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
74.4
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
71.2
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in India


Infant Mortality
20.9
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
26.1
(per 1,000 live births)


India Urban Population

Currently, 37.6% of the population of India is urban (555,299,296 people in 2026)


Population Density

The 2026 population density in India is 497 people per Km2 (1,286 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 2,973,190 Km2 (1,147,955 sq. miles).

Largest cities by Population in India

(includes boroughs, districts, urban agglomerations, etc.)

Rank Urban Area Population Estimate (2025)
1 New Delhi 30,222,405
2 Kolkata 22,549,738
3 Mumbai 20,203,056
4 Bengaluru 13,187,098
5 Chennai 11,153,205
6 Hajipur 9,941,510
7 Hyderabad 9,190,795
8 Ahmedabad 7,632,408
9 Surat 6,908,925
10 Pune 6,817,951
11 Kozhikode 6,123,872
12 Kochi 5,077,670
13 Lucknow 5,052,444
14 Kanpur 4,329,973
15 Jaipur 4,071,754
16 Varanasi 3,858,863
17 Indore 3,476,423
18 Patna 3,309,383
19 Nagpur 3,257,841
20 Kalyan-Dombivli 3,163,424
21 Kollam 3,074,562
22 Thiruvananthapuram 2,946,119
23 Asansol 2,924,741
24 Tamluk 2,894,484
25 Agra 2,786,762
26 Bhopal 2,487,205
27 Dighwara 2,469,443
28 Chandigarh 2,437,733
29 Ponnani 2,409,567
30 Coimbatore 2,382,988
More info

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.