Madagascar Demographics

Population of Madagascar (2025)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Madagascar

Madagascar Population
32,740,678
see live
Yearly Change
+2.43%
Global Share
0.4%
Global Rank
49

Median Age

The median age in Madagascar is 19.2 years (2025).

Fertility in Madagascar

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
3.8
(Live Births per Woman, 2025)

Life Expectancy in Madagascar

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
64.0
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
65.8
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
62.3
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Madagascar


Infant Mortality
43.4
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
63.2
(per 1,000 live births)


Madagascar Urban Population

Currently, 40.3% of the population of Madagascar is urban (13,199,949 people in 2025)


Population Density

The 2025 population density in Madagascar is 56 people per Km2 (146 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 581,795 Km2 (224,632 sq. miles).

Largest Cities in Madagascar

# City Population
1 Antananarivo 1,349,501
2 Toamasina 345,107
3 Antsirabe 260,907
4 Mahajanga 260,556
5 Fianarantsoa 203,105
6 Toliara 178,725
7 Antsiranana 136,959
8 Sambava 89,003
9 Imerintsiatosika 74,085
10 Antalaha 71,898
11 Tolanaro 71,258
12 Antanifotsy 70,626
13 Ambovombe 69,265
14 Ambilobe 66,029
15 Ambanja 63,884
16 Moramanga 60,456
17 Morondava 56,671
18 Hell-Ville 53,219
19 Ivato 52,376
20 Ambatondrazaka 50,463
21 Amboasary 48,705
22 Tsiroanomandidy 47,087
23 Manakara 46,850
24 Ambalavao 45,784
25 Maroantsetra 45,041
26 Fenoarivo Atsinanana 44,199
27 Ambositra 43,504
28 Soavinandriana 42,410
29 Ihosy 41,892
30 Marovoay 41,611

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.