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Japan Demographics

Population of Japan (2026)

View live population, charts & trends: Population of Japan

Japan Population
122,427,731
see live
Yearly Change
−0.55%
Global Share
1.47%
Global Rank
12

Median Age

The median age in Japan is 50.2 years (2026).

Fertility in Japan

A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline


Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
1.2
(Live Births per Woman, 2026)

Life Expectancy in Japan

See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy

Both Sexes
85.1
(life expectancy at birth, both sexes combined)
Females
88.2
(life expectancy at birth, females)
Males
82.1
(life expectancy at birth, males)


Infant Mortality Rate and Deaths of Children under 5 Years Old in Japan


Infant Mortality
1.6
(infant deaths per 1,000 live births)
Deaths under age 5
2.2
(per 1,000 live births)


Japan Urban Population

Currently, 93.4% of the population of Japan is urban (114,292,213 people in 2026)


Population Density

The 2026 population density in Japan is 336 people per Km2 (870 people per mi2), calculated on a total land area of 364,555 Km2 (140,755 sq. miles).

Largest cities by Population in Japan

(includes boroughs, districts, urban agglomerations, etc.)

Rank Urban Area Population Estimate (2025)
1 Tōkyō (Tokyo) 33,412,512
2 Osaka 12,964,145
3 Nagoya 7,146,160
4 Fukuoka 2,225,078
5 Sapporo 1,964,519
6 Sendai 1,256,440
7 Kitakyushu 1,206,731
8 Hiroshima 1,185,788
9 Naha 1,060,017
10 Nara 993,952
11 Okayama 817,266
12 Kumamoto 641,185
13 Otsu 559,798
14 Kanazawa 533,682
15 Himeji 494,064
16 Kagoshima 484,164
17 Toyohashi 441,665
18 Matsuyama 437,355
19 Takasaki [Maebashi] 431,687
20 Niigata 422,238
21 Numazu 374,507
22 Oita 372,190
23 Fukuyama 355,352
24 Utsunomiya 352,816
25 Takamatsu 340,478
26 Yokkaichi 332,173
27 Shizuoka 328,613
28 Nagasaki 308,986
29 Asahikawa 298,481
30 Hamamatsu 282,084
More info

See also

Sources

Definitions

Population Pyramid

A Population pyramid (also called "Age-Sex Pyramid") is a graphical representation of the age and sex of a population.

Types:

  • Expansive - pyramid with a wide base (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and lower life expectancies). It suggests a growing population. Example: Nigeria Population Pyramid
  • Constrictive - pyramid with a narrow base (lower percentage of younger people, indicating declining birth rates with each succeeding age group getting smaller than the previous one). Example: United States
  • Stationary - with a somewhat equal proportion of the population in each age group. The population is stable, neither increasing nor decreasing.

Stages:

Population pyramid stages

Dependency Ratio

There are three types of age dependency ratio: Youth, Elderly, and Total. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100.

Youth Dependency Ratio

Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 0-15] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Elderly dependency ratio

Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64.

Formula: ([Population ages 65-plus] ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

Total dependency ratio

Definition: sum of the youth and old-age ratios.

Formula: (([Population ages 0-15] + [Population ages 65-plus]) ÷ [Population ages 16-64]) × 100

NOTE: Dependency Ratio does not take into account labor force participation rates by age group. Some portion of the population counted as "working age" may actually be unemployed or not in the labor force whereas some portion of the "dependent" population may be employed and not necessarily economically dependent.